Counting eigenvalues via the Krein signature in infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (Q5916197)

The authors consider the eigenvalue problem \[ JL_\omega(u)= \lambda u\tag{1} \] for a selfadjoint oeprator \(L_\omega\) and a bounded, skew-symmetric, invertible operator \(J\) (that is \(J^*= -J\)). Let \(K_\tau\) represent the number of positive real eigenvalues of (1), \(K_c\) the number of quadruplets of eigenvalues with nonzero real and imaginary parts, and \(K^-_\ell\) the number of pairs of purely imaginary eigenvalues with negative Krein signature. Let \(z(A)\) be the null space of \(A\) and \(n(A)\) the number of its negative eigenvalues. The goal of the authors is to prove (when \(z(A)= 0\)) \[ K_\tau+ 2K_c+ 2K^-_\ell= n(L_\omega)- n(D), \] where \(D\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}\) is a given matrix defined via \(L_\omega\) in a suitable way.