Some weighted polynomial inequalities (Q5917815)

In this most interesting paper, the author continues his program to extend the notion of a generalized Jacobi weight, and to establish inequalities that are basic to the development of the associated weighted approximations. The weights in this paper have the form \[ w(x)= \biggl[(1+x)^{\Gamma_0} w_0\bigl(\sqrt{1+x} \bigr)\biggr] \prod^{r-1}_{k=1} \biggl[|x-t_k |^{\Gamma_k} w_k \bigl(|x-t_k |\bigr) \biggr] \biggl[(1-x)^{\Gamma_r} w_r \bigl(\sqrt {1-x} \bigr)\biggr], \] where \(x\in(-1,1)\), each \(t_k\in(-1,1)\), each \(\Gamma_k>-1\) and each \(w_k\) is a modulus of continuity, that it is nonnegative, nondecreasing, continuous, with \(w_k (x)/x\) nonincreasing. The older generalized Jacobi weights are essentially the special case where all but one \(w_k\equiv 1\). The generalization here allows logarithmic singularities, for example. The author proves a host of inequalities for weighted polynomials, and weighted generalized polynomials. As a sample, we quote the Markov-Bernstein inequality: let \(\varphi(x) =\sqrt {1-x^2}\). Assume that for some \(0<p<\infty\), \(w\in L_p[-1,1]\). then for \(m\geq 1\) and polynomials \(P\) of degree \(\leq m\), \[ |P' \varphi w|_{L_p[-1,1]} \leq Cm|Pw |_{L_p [-1,1]} \] where \(C\) is independent of \(m\) and \(P\). Moreover, if all \(\Gamma_j>0\), then this holds for all generalized polynomials of a suitable form. Other interesting inequalities include Nikolskij inequalities, upper and lower bounds for Christoffel functions, restricted range inequalities and quadrature sum estimates.