On the sixth power mean of the two-term exponential sums (Q5918645)

The article is devoted to the calculation problem of the sixth power mean of the two-term exponential sums. The main result is the following theorem. Let \(p>3\) be a prime and \(n\) be an integer. Then we have the identity \[ \sum_{m=1}^{p-1}\left|\sum_{a=0}^{p-1} e\left(\frac{m a^3+n a}{p}\right)\right|^6= \begin{cases}5 p^3 \cdot(p-1), & \text { if }p \equiv 5 \bmod 6, \\ p^2 \cdot\left(5 p^2-23 p-D^2\right), & \text { if } p \equiv 1 \bmod 6,\end{cases} \] where \(D\) is given by \(4 p=D^2+27 \cdot B^2\) \((D, B \in \mathbb{Z})\) and \(D \equiv 1 \bmod 3\).