Waring-Goldbach problem: two squares and three biquadrates (Q5918826)

The author of the present article considers the number of representations for a single \(n\) as sum of 2 squares of prime nubmers and 3 biquadrates of prime numbers. This corresponds to a special form of the Waring-Goldbach problem. The author mainly uses the circle method. Let \(n\) be a positive integer. Then we denote by \(\mathcal{R}(n)\) the number of representations of \(n\) of the following form \begin{gather*} n=p_1^2+p_2^2+p_3^4+p_4^4+p_5^4, \end{gather*} where \(p_1,\ldots,p_5\) are prime numbers. Since \(p^2\equiv 1\) or \(49\pmod{120}\) and \(p^4\equiv 1\pmod{120}\), we have to restrict ourselves to the set \begin{gather*} \Omega=\{n\in\mathbb{N}\colon n\equiv 5, 53, 101\pmod{120}\}. \end{gather*} Let \(\mathcal{E}(N)\) be the number of positive integers \(n\in\Omega\) and \(n\leq N\) such that \begin{gather*} \left| \mathcal{R}(n)-\frac{\Gamma^2(\tfrac12)\Gamma^3(\tfrac14)}{\Gamma(\tfrac74)}\frac{\mathfrak{S}(n)n^{\frac34}}{\log^5n}\right| \geq n^{\frac34}{\log^{\frac{11}2}n}, \end{gather*} where \begin{gather*} \mathfrak{S}(n)=\sum_{q=1}^\infty\frac{1}{\varphi^5(q)} \sum_{\substack{a=1\\ (a,q)=1}}^q S_2(q,a)^2S_4(q,a)^3e\left(-\frac{an}{q}\right) \end{gather*} and \begin{gather*} S_k(q,a)=\sum_{\substack{r=1\\ (r,q)=1}}^qe\left(\frac{ar^k}{q}\right). \end{gather*} Then the author can show that for any \(\varepsilon>0\), we have \begin{gather*} \mathcal{E}(N)\ll N^{\frac{15}{32}+\varepsilon}. \end{gather*}