Twistings and Hopf Galois extensions (Q5925817)

Let \(H\) be a Hopf algebra with bijective antipode over a commutative ring \(R\), let \(A\) be a right \(H\)-comodule algebra, and let \(B\) be the subalgebra of \(H\)-coinvariant elements of \(A\). A mapping \(\tau\) of \(H\otimes A\) into \(A\) may be used to define a new multiplication on the \(H\)-comodule \(A\) by the rule: \(a*a'=\sum a_0\tau(a_1\otimes a')\); and \(\tau\) is a (right) twisting if \(\tau\) satisfies certain normality conditions and \(A\) is a right \(H\)-comodule algebra with respect to this new multiplication. Also a twisting \(\tau\) is called invertible if the map \(\tau'\) from the coalgebra \(H\) to the algebra of endomorphisms of the \(R\)-module \(A\) corresponding to \(\tau\) by adjoint associativity is invertible with respect to the convolution product. Symmetrically, there are left twistings; and the authors establish a left-right duality for invertible twistings. A twisting \(\tau\) gives rise to an \(H\)-measuring from \(B\) to \(A\), which is trivial when \(\tau'\) maps \(H\) into the algebra of right \(B\)-module endomorphisms of \(A\). If \(A\) is an \(H\)-Galois extension of \(B\) and \(H\) is a finitely generated projective module over \(R\), then there is a bijection between invertible right twistings on \(A\) and the \(H\)-Galois extensions of \(B\) that have the same underlying left \(B\)-module, right \(H\)-comodule \(A\). Moreover, the invertible twistings which induce the trivial measuring from \(B\) to \(A\) correspond to mappings of \(H\otimes H\) to \(A\) called twisted cocycles. In case \(A=B\otimes H\) with right comodule structure given by the coproduct of \(H\), the theory of crossed products or cleft comodule algebras is recovered (without requiring that \(H\) be a finitely generated projective \(R\)-module); and the twisted cocyles correspond to Sweedler cocycles with trivial weak action.