Existence theorems and periodic solutions of neutral integral equations (Q5925837)

The authors study the equations \[ x(t)=a(t)+ \int^t_0 D\bigl(t, s,x(s) \bigr)ds+ \int^\infty_t E\bigl(t,s,x(s)\bigr) ds,\;t\in\mathbb{R}^+,\text{ and }\tag{1} \] \[ x(t)=a(t)+\int^t_{-\infty} D\bigl(t,s,x(s) \bigr)ds+ \int^\infty_t E\bigl(t,s,x (s)\bigr)ds,\;t\in\mathbb{R},\tag{2} \] where \(a,D\) and \(E\) are \(n\)-vector continuous functions. The study of such equations is motivated by the fact that they can represent very common variation of parameters formulae. Conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the given equations with corresponding initial conditions are derived. To this end, the study is made by using a contraction mapping and by Schauder's second theorem. Special attention is paid to the existence of periodic and asymptotically periodic solutions of the neutral integral equations (1) and (2).