On structure of certain periodic rings and near-rings (Q5926149)

The ring or near-ring \(R\) is said to have Property \((P)\) (resp. Property \((P_1)\)) if for each \(x,y\in R\) there exist nonnegative integers \(p\) and \(q\) and \(f(t)\in t\mathbb{Z}[t]\) for which \(xy=x^pf(xyx)x^q\) (resp. \(xy=x^pf(yxy)x^q\)). The special cases of Properties \((P)\) and \((P_1)\) in which all \(f(t)\) are of the form \(t^r\) for some \(r\geq 1\) are called Properties \((P_2)\) and \((P_3)\), respectively. The set \(\{x\in R\mid x^n=x\) for some \(n=n(x)>1\}\) and the set of nilpotent elements of \(R\) are denoted by \(B\) and \(N\), respectively. It is proved that every ring having Property \((P)\) or Property \((P_1)\) is a direct sum of a \(J\)-ring and a nil ring. Moreover, it is shown that if \(R\) is a near-ring with Property \((P_2)\) or a zero-symmetric near-ring with Property \((P_3)\), and if idempotents of \(R\) are multiplicatively central, then \(R\) has the following properties: (i) \(N\) is a subnear-ring with trivial multiplication; (ii) \(B\) is a subnear-ring with \((B,+)\) Abelian; (iii) \(BN=NB=\{0\}\); (iv) each element of \(R\) is uniquely expressible in the form \(u+b\) with \(u\in N\) and \(b\in B\).