Eigenvalues of majorized Hermitian matrices and Littlewood-Richardson coefficients (Q5926390)

\textit{A. Klyachko} [Sel. Math., New Ser. 4, 419-445 (1998; Zbl 0915.14010)] has shown that the \(n\)-tuples \(\alpha,\beta,\gamma\) are eigenvalues of Hermitian \(n\times n\) matrices \(A,B\), and \(C\) with \(C=A+B\) if and only if a certain list of inequalities and the trace equality \[ \sum_{i=1}^n\gamma_i=\sum_{i=1}^n(\alpha_i+\beta_i) \] hold. In the paper under review it is shown that if \(C=A+B\) is replaced by \(C\leq A+B\) then the same (Klyachko's) list of inequalities and the inequality \[ \sum_{i=1}^n\gamma_i\leq\sum_{i=1}^n(\alpha_i+\beta_i) \] characterize possible eigenvalues of \(A,B,C\). This result is proved by induction. The proof is based on Klyachko's result and needs Schubert calculus, which is also carried out in the paper. The result mentioned above is generalized to the case of a finite number of matrices (of the same size) and to the case of a finite number of infinite-dimensional compact selfadjoint operators on a separable Hilbert space. The results give an answer to a question recently raised by \textit{S. Friedland} [Linear Algebra Appl. 319, No. 1-3, 3-22 (2000; Zbl 0979.47016)].