An extended operator trigonometry (Q5926395)

The basis of the operator trigonometry of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices was founded in the author's works in the end of the 60ies. In this paper he extends the operator trigonometry of SPD matrices to arbitrary invertible matrices and to arbitrary invertible operators on a Hilbert space: Let \(A\) be an arbitrary invertible operator on a complex Hilbert space. From the polar form \(A=U|A|\) he defines the angle \(\phi(A)\) and the function \(\sin\phi(A)\) as \(\sin \phi(A)= \inf_{\varepsilon} \|\varepsilon A-U\|\), and the function \(\cos\phi(A)\) as \(\cos \phi(A)=\inf_{x\neq 0}\frac {\langle |A|x,x\rangle}{\||A|x\|\cdot\|x\|} \). Then \(\sin^2\phi(A)+\cos^2\phi(A)=1\), and a full operator trigonometry of relative turning angles is obtained for \(A\) from that of \(|A|\).