A Frobenius-Schur theorem for Hopf algebras (Q5926529)

The main result of the paper is a generalization of the classical Frobenius-Schur theorem and reads as follows. Let \(H\) be a finite dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic \(p\neq 2\), with comultiplication \(\Delta\), counit \(\varepsilon\) and antipode \(S\). Assume that \(H^*\) is also semisimple. Let \(\Lambda\in\int_H\) with \(\varepsilon(\Lambda)=1\), and for any character \(\chi\) of \(H\) define the Schur indicator of \(\chi\) by \(\nu_2(\chi)=\sum_{(\Lambda)}\chi(\Lambda_1\Lambda_2)\), where \(\Delta(\Lambda)=\sum_{(\Lambda)}\Lambda_1\otimes\Lambda_2\). Then \(\nu_2(\chi)=0\), \(1\) or \(-1\), and \(\nu_2(\chi)=0\) if and only if the \(H\)-module \(V_\chi\) corresponding to \(\chi\) is self-dual. Moreover, \(\nu_2(\chi)=1\) (respectively \(-1\)) if and only if \(V_\chi\) admits a symmetric (respectively skew-symmetric) nondegenerate bilinear \(H\)-invariant form. Finally, the formula \(\text{Tr }S=\sum_{\chi\in\text{Irr }H}\nu_2(\chi)\chi(1_H)\) holds. Actually, the authors prove an even more general theorem for algebras with involution.