On the zero modes of Pauli operators (Q5927508)

Zero modes of the Pauli operator NEWLINE\[NEWLINEP_A= \Biggl\{\vec\sigma\Biggl({1\over i} \vec\nabla+\vec A\Biggr)\Biggr\}^2= \sum^3_{j=1} \Biggl\{\sigma_j\Biggl({1\over i} \partial_j+ A_j\Biggr)\Biggr\}^2\tag{1}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE are the eigenvectors corresponding to an eigenvalue at zero.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINENearby in (1) \(\vec A= (A_1, A_2, A_3)\) is a vector potential which is such that \(\text{curl }\vec A=\vec B\), the magnetic field, and \(\vec\sigma= (\sigma_1, \sigma_2, \sigma_3)\) is the triple of Pauli matrices.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper the authors proved:NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE1) for \(|\vec B|\in L^{3/2}(R^3)\), \(\text{nul }P_{tA}= 0\) except for a finite number of values of \(t\) in any compact subset of \(\langle 0,\infty\rangle\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINE2) \(\{\vec B,\text{nul }P_A= 0,|\vec B|\in L^{3/2}(R^3)\}\) contains an open dense subset of \([L^{3/2}(R^3)]^3\).