Global lifting of local extensions: Some embedding problems (Q5927634)

Let \(p\) be any prime number, and let \(L/K\) be a finite Galois extension of \(p\)-adic fields with group \(G:=\text{Gal}(L/K)\). The problem discussed in this article is the following: over a totally real number field \(F\), a place of which induces a completion \(F_v\) isomorphic to \(K\), does there exist a field \(E\) satisfying the next four conditions: (i) \(E\) is a totally real number field; (ii) \(E/F\) is a Galois extension; (iii) the decomposition group of \(E/F\) for the place \(v\) is equal to \(\text{Gal} (E/F)\); (iv) the given isomorphism of \(F_v\) onto \(K\) extends to an isomorphism of \(E_v\) onto \(L\)? (Here \(E_v\) is the completion of \(E\) for the unique place over \(v\), still denoted by \(v\).) When \(p\) is odd, the author proves the existence of such a field \(E\). For \(p=2\), he gets a weaker result because the problem may have no solution, e.g. when \(G\) is a cyclic group. These results are used in a recent proof by the author of the Langlands conjectures for \(GL_n\) over \(p\)-adic fields. Reviewer's remark: the ``global lifting'' of the title can be read in terms of a ``Galois descent problem'' as defined in a paper by \textit{R. Massy} and \textit{S. Monier-Derviaux} [J. Théor. Nombres Bordx. 11, 161-172 (1999; Zbl 0944.12002)]. Indeed, we have \(E\cap F_v=F\) and \(EF_v= E_v\); so \(E/F\) is a global Galois descent of the local Galois extension \(L/K\) identified with \(E_v/F_v\). This fact induces a new interesting problem.