The stability of the Wigner equation on a restricted domain (Q5927730)

Let \(E,F\) be real or complex Hilbert spaces. The functional equation \(|\langle f(x)|f(y)\rangle|= |\langle x|y\rangle|\) (for all \(x,y\in E\)), is called the Wigner equation. Denote the scalar field by \(\mathbb K\). Two functions \(f,g:E\rightarrow F\) are called phase-equivalent iff there exists a function \(\sigma:E\rightarrow\{z\in\mathbb K:|z|=1\}\) such that \(g(x)=\sigma(x)f(x)\) for each \(x\in E\). For given constants \(1\neq c>0\), \(d\geq 0\), define \(D=\{x\in E:\|x\|\geq d\}\), if \(0<c<1\), or \(D=\{x\in E:\|x\|\leq d\}\), if \(c>1\). Consider a function \(\varphi:E\times E\rightarrow [0,\infty)\) satisfying the property \(\lim_{m+n\rightarrow\infty} c^{m+n}\varphi(c^{-m}x,c^{-n}y)=0\) for all \(x,y\in D\). The main theorem states that if a function \(f:E\rightarrow F\) satisfies an inequality \(\bigl||\langle f(x)|f(y)\rangle|-|\langle x|y\rangle|\bigr|\leq\varphi(x,y)\) for all \(x,y\in D\), then there exists a unique (up to a phase-equivalent function) mapping \(I:E\rightarrow F\) satisfying the Wigner equation and such that \(\|f(x)-I(x)\|\leq\sqrt{\varphi(x,x)}\) for all \(x\in D\). The stability of the orthogonality equation (\(\langle f(x)|f(y) \rangle=\langle x|y\rangle\)) is also proved. That result is applied to prove a certain kind of stability of isometries on bounded domains.