A counterexample to smooth leafwise Hodge decomposition for general foliations and to a type of dynamical trace formulas (Q5928025)

Under a certain condition on the foliation, \textit{J. A. Álvarez López} and \textit{Ph. Tondeur} [J. Funct. Anal. 99, No. 2, 443-458 (1991; Zbl 0746.58011)], have been able to prove a Hodge decomposition theorem for smooth forms on a closed Riemannian manifold \(X\) with a smooth foliation \(F\) [see also \textit{J. A. Álvarez López} and \textit{Yu. A. Kordyukov}, Compos. Math. 125, No. 2, 129-153 (2001; Zbl 0982.58019)]. The main application is to Riemannian foliations: Here we have \[ \Gamma(X,\Lambda^\bullet T^*F)= \text{ Ker} \Delta_0\oplus\overline{\text{Im} d_0}\oplus\overline{\text{Im} d^*_{0}}, \] and in particular there is an isomorphism \( H^\bullet(F)=\text{Ker} \Delta_0. \) The counterexample of the note first shows that this decomposition formula does not remain valid for general foliations. The authors construct a one-dimensional foliation on a three-dimensional Heisenberg nilmanifold for which smooth leafwise Hodge decomposition fails. As a second application of the counterexample it is shown that a certain type of dynamical trace formula for flows on foliated manifolds discussed in the literature cannot hold in complete generality.