Willmore tori in a wide family of conformal structures on odd dimensional spheres (Q5928709)

If \(\pi:S^{2n+1} \to\mathbb{C} P^n\) denotes the Hopf fibration, then thereby is given a \(1:1\) correspondence between \(S^1\)-invariant torus immersions \(\varphi: T\to S^{2n+1}\) and regular curves \(\gamma:S^1 \to\mathbb{C} P^n\). On the other hand there is a natural construction of Riemannian metrics \(\overline h_u\) on \(S^{2n+1}\) from a given Riemannian metric \(h\) and a positive function \(u\) on \(\mathbb{C} P^n\). With the latter entities the authors define a functional \(\gamma \mapsto {\mathcal F}(\gamma)\) in which the curvature of \(\gamma\) as a curve in the space \((\mathbb{C} P^n, (1/u^2)h)\) is the basic ingredient, and they prove that the torus \(\pi^{-1}(\gamma)\) is a Willmore torus in \((S^{2n+1}, \overline h_u)\) if and only if \(\gamma\) is a critical point of \({\mathcal F}\). Special examples of Willmore tori are constructed for \(n=3\) and 7. The article is inspired by a paper of \textit{U. Pinkall} [Invent. Math. 81, 379-386 (1985; Zbl 0585.53051)].