On Alexandroff theorem for general Abelian groups (Q5929619)

When every extension problem on a space \(X\) with respect to a space \(Y\) can be solved, i.e., for every closed subset \(A\subset X\) and every map \(f:A\to Y\) there exists an extension \(\overline f:X\to Y\) of \(f\) over \(X\), we use the notation \(e\)-\(\dim X\leq Y\) and read extensional dimension of \(X\) does not exceed \(Y\). The authors catch (covering) dimension and cohomological dimension with respect to an Abelian group \(G\) as kinds of extension dimension, namely, \(\dim X\leq n\) if and only if \(e\)-\(\dim X\leq S^n\) and \(\dim_G X\leq n\) if and only if \(e\)-\(\dim X\leq K(G,n)\). Since the \(n\)-sphere \(S^n\) is a Moore space \(M(\mathbb{Z},n)\), the Alexandroff fundamental theorem for dimension and cohomological dimension is considered as the following equivalence: for every finite-dimensional compactum \(X\), \(e\)-\(\dim X\leq M(\mathbb{Z},n) \Leftrightarrow e\)-\(\dim X\leq K(\mathbb{Z},n)\). Recently the first author showed an interesting generalization of the Alexandroff theorem: for every finite-dimensional compactum \(X\) and \(n>1\), the following equivalence holds: \(e\)-\(\dim X\leq M(G,n) \Leftrightarrow e\)-\(\dim X\leq K(G,n)\) [Math. USSR, Sb. 74, No. 1, 47-56 (1993); translation from Mat. Sb. 182, No. 9, 1300-1310 (1991; Zbl 0739.55007)]. Note that the implication \(e\)-\(\dim X\leq M(G,n) \Rightarrow e\)-\(\dim X\leq K(G,n)\) always holds. Then we naturally have a problem if the converse implication holds for \(n=1\) or for infinite-dimensional compacta. For every prime \(p\) and \(n\geq 1\). \textit{T. Miyata} constructed an infinite-dimensional compactum \(X\) such that \(\dim_{\mathbb{Z}_p} X\leq n\) but \(e\)-\(\dim X>M (\mathbb{Z}_p,n)\) does not hold [Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci., Math. 48, No. 3, 231-235 (2000; Zbl 0973.54032)]. In this paper, the authors show a general way to construct examples giving a gap between cohomological and extension dimensions. Namely, let \(P\) and \(K\) be simplicial complexes. Suppose that \(K\) is countable and \(T^*\) is a truncated continuous cohomology theory such that \(T^n(P)\neq 0\) for some \(n<-1\) and \(T^*(K)=0\) for all \(k<n\). Then there exist a compactum \(X\) such that \(e\)-\(\dim X\leq K\) and a \(T^n\)-essential map \(f:X\to P\). As a consequence, for every prime \(p\) there exists an infinite-dimensional compactum \(X\) such that \(\dim_{\mathbb{Z}_p} X=1\) and \(e\)-\(\dim X>M (\mathbb{Z}_p,1)\). Moreover, there exists a compactum \(Y\) such that \(e\)-\(\dim Y\leq \mathbb{R} P^\infty\) and \(e\)-\(\dim Y>\mathbb{R} P^m\) for all \(m>0\).