Characterizations of \(O_T\) spaces (Q5930137)

\(Q_{p}\)-spaces were introduced by \textit{P.~Lappan} and the reviewer [Criteria for an analytic function to be Bloch and a harmonic or meromorphic function to be normal. In: Complex Analysis and its Applications (Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics 305), 136--146. Longman Scientific \& Technical, Harlow (1994; Zbl 0826.30027)] for \(p>1\) and by J.~Xiao, R.~Zhao and the reviewer [On subspaces and subsets of BMOA and UBC. Analysis 15, 101--121 (1995; Zbl 0835.30027)] for \(0<p\leq1\) by the following formula: A function \(f\), analytic in the unit disk \(\Delta\), belongs to \(Q_{p}\) if \[ \sup_{a\in\Delta}\iint_{\Delta}| f'(z)| ^{2}\big(g(z,a)\big)^{p}\,dA(z)<\infty. \tag{1} \] In (1), \(g(z,a)\) is the Green's function on \(\Delta\) with logarithmic singularity at \(a\) and \(dA(z)\) is the Euclidean area element on \(\Delta\). Note that \(Q_{1}=\text{BMOA}\) and for \(p>1\), \(Q_{p}=\mathcal B\) (the Bloch space). The authors introduce a new space \(Q_{T}\) as follows: Let \(T:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) be a nondecreasing function. A function \(f\), analytic in \(\Delta\), is said to belong to space \(Q_{T}\) if \[ \sup_{a\in\Delta}\iint_{\Delta}| f'(z)| ^{2}T\big(g(z,a)\big)\,dA(z)<\infty. \tag{2} \] For investigating the characterizations of \(Q_{T}\) and seeking the relationships between \(Q_{T}\) and \(Q_{p}\) the growth order of \(T\) is needed. Let \(T:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) be a nondecreasing function. The logarithmic order (log-order) of the function \(T(r)\) is defined as \[ \rho=\overline{\lim}_{r\to \infty}\,\frac{\log^{+}\log^{+}T(r)}{\log r}, \] where \(\log^{+}x=\max\{\log x,0\}\). If \(0<\rho<\infty\), the logarithmic type (log-type) of the function \(T(r)\) is defined as \[ \sigma=\overline{\lim}_{r\to \infty}\frac{\log^{+}T(r)}{r^{\rho}}. \] Then the authors give two basic properties of \(Q_{T}\). Proposition 1. For each nondecreasing function \(T:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\), the space \(Q_{T}\) is a subset of the Bloch space \(\mathcal B\). Proposition 2. If the log-order \(\rho\) and the log-type \(\sigma\) of a nondecreasing function \(T(r)\) satisfy one of the following conditions, (i) \(\rho >1\), (ii) \(\rho=1\) and \(\sigma>2\), then the space \(Q_{T}\) contains only constant functions. Next they give a sufficient condition when \(Q_{T}=Q_{p}\). Theorem 1. Let \(T:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) be a nondecreasing function satisfying both of the following: Condition A. There exists a constant \(p>0\) such that \[ \lim_{r\to 0}\frac{T(r)}{r^{p}}=c\neq0. \] Condition B. The log-order \(\rho\) and the log-type \(\sigma\) satisfy one of the following cases: (i) \(0\leq\rho<1\), (ii) \(\rho=1\) and \(\sigma<2\), then \(Q_{T}=Q_{p}\). In the meromorphic case \(Q_{p}^{\#}\) and \(Q_{T}^{\#}\) are defined by (1) and (2) where normal derivatives are replaced by the spherical derivative \(f^{\#}(z)=| f'(z)| /\big(1+| f(z)| ^{2}\big)\). Corresponding to Proposition~1 the authors prove Proposition 3. For each nondecreasing function \(T:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\), the class \(Q_{T}^{\#}\) is a subset of the spherical Bloch class \(\mathcal B^{\#}=\{f:f\) meromorphic in \(\Delta\) and \(\exists r\), \(0<r<1\), such that \(\sup_{a\in\Delta} \iint_{\Delta(a,r)} (f^{\#}(z))^{2}\,dA(z)<\infty\}\). Here \(\Delta(a,r)=\{z\in\Delta: | \frac{a-z}{1-\bar az}| <r\}\). A corresponding theorem to Theorem 1 is obtained. Finally the authors prove the following theorem: Theorem 2. Let \(T:[0,\infty)\to[0,\infty)\) be a bounded and nondecreasing function. If \[ \lim_{r\to0} \frac{T(r)}{r^{p}}=c<\infty \tag{3} \] holds for some \(p>0\), then \(\exists\) a non-normal function \(f_{0}\in Q_{T}^{\#}\). If (3) holds for some \(p>1\), then \(Q_{T}^{\#}=\mathcal B^{\#}\).