Multiple positive solutions of nonhomogeneous equations involving the \(p\)-Laplacian (Q5930174)

This paper is concerned with the number of positive solutions of the problem \[ -\text{div}(|\nabla u|^{p- 2}\nabla u)= Q(x)|u|^{p^*- 2}u+ \theta h(x),\qquad x\in \mathbb{R}^N, \] \[ u\in{\mathfrak D}^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^N), \] where \(1< p< N\), \(p^*= Np/(N- p)\), \(h(x)> 0\) a.e. in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), \(h\in L^{(p^*)'}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) with \((p^*)'= p^*/(p^*- 1)\), \(\theta> 0\) is real parameter, and \({\mathfrak D}^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) is the completion of \(C^\infty_0(\mathbb{R}^N)\) with respect to the norm \(\|\nabla u\|_{L^p(\mathbb{R}^N)}\), and where \(Q(x)\) satisfies the following condition \((Q): Q\in C(\mathbb{R}^N)\), \(Q(x)> 0\) a.e. in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), and there exists a sequence of points \(\{a_j\}\subset \mathbb{R}^N\) with \(|a_j|\to \infty\) as \(j\to\infty\), such that \(Q(a_j)= Q_M:= \max_{x\in\mathbb{R}^N} Q(x)\) for all \(j\), the local maximum of \(Q\) at \(a_j\) is strict and \[ Q(x)- Q(a_j)= o(|x- a_j|^{(N- p)/(p- 1)})\quad\text{as }x\to a_j. \] \textit{D. Cao} and \textit{J. Chabrowski} [Differ. Integral Equ. 10, No. 5, 797-814 (1997; Zbl 0889.35033)] showed that the problem has multiple solutions for small \(\theta> 0\) under the condition that \(p= 2\), \(\Omega\) is bounded, and \(Q(x)\) satisfies a condition similar to \((Q)\). In the present paper the author proved that for each \(k\in\mathbb{N}\) there exists \(\theta_0> 0\) such that \(0< \theta< \theta_0\), then the problem has \(k\) solutions \(u^j_\theta\geq 0\), \(j= 1,\dots, k\), satisfying \[ |\nabla u^j_\theta|^p\rightharpoonup Q^{1- N/p}_M S^{N/p}\delta_{a_j}\quad\text{and} \quad |u^j_\theta|^{p^*}\rightharpoonup Q^{-N/p}_M S^{N/p} \delta_{a_j} \] in the sense of measures as \(\theta\to 0\). Here \(S\) is the best Sobolev constant with respect to the embedding of \({\mathfrak D}^{1,p}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) in \(L^{p^*}(\mathbb{R}^N)\) and \(\delta_{a_j}\) is the Dirac measure at \(a_j\). Furthermore, the author considers the problem, where \(h(x)\) is replaced by \(k(x)|u|^{q- 2}u\), and obtained a similar result.