What is a quotient map with respect to a closure operator? (Q5930755)

The authors adopt the abstract notion of a closure operator \(c\) introduced by \textit{D. Dikranyan} and \textit{E. Giuli} [Topology Appl. 27, 129-143 (1987; Zbl 0634.54008)] in order to obtain a categorical characterization of quotient maps. They propose two natural candidates: \(c\)-final maps (designed in close analogy to \(c\)-initial maps introduced by \textit{D. Dikranyan} [Suppl. Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo, II. Ser. 29, 105-160 (1992; Zbl 0782.54009)]) and an appropriate notion of \(c\)-quotient map (defined in the paper). It turns out that both they fail in characterizing quotient maps even in the category \({\mathcal T}op\) of topological spaces and continuous maps. These results should be compared with their counterpart regarding open maps obtained by \textit{E. Giuli} and \textit{W. Tholen} [Appl. Categ. Struct. 8, No. 3, 487-502 (2000; Zbl 0981.18001)] based on the notion of \(c\)-open map [introduced by \textit{W. Tholen} and \textit{D. Dikranyan}, ``Categorical structure of closure operators. With applications to topology, algebra and discrete mathematics'', Mathematics and its Applications 346, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1995; Zbl 0853.18002)].