On elliptic curves with large Tate-Shafarevich groups (Q5931321)

In [Algebraic number theory and Diophantine analysis, Proc. Int. Conf. Graz 1998, de Gruyter, 277-291 (2000; Zbl 0973.11061)] \textit{F. Lemmermeyer} studied the Tate-Shafarevich group \(\text{ Ш}(E_k/\mathbb Q)\) of the following family of elliptic curves over \(\mathbb Q\) : \(\{E_k:y^2=x^3-2kx^2+2k^2x;k\in\mathbb Z\}\). His main result was that the 2-rank of \(\text{ Ш}(E_k/\mathbb Q)\) is unbounded for \(r\) ranging over \(\mathbb Z\). His main tool was quadratic residue symbols in \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{2})\). Previous results on elliptic curves with arbitrarily large Tate-Shafarevich group were proved using Cassels pairing [cf. \textit{J. W. S. Cassels}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 211, 95-112 (1962; Zbl 0106.03706); \textit{R. Bölling}, Math. Nachr. 67, 157-179 (1975; Zbl 0314.14008) and \textit{K. Kramer}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 89, 379-386 (1983; Zbl 0567.14018)]. In the current paper, the author generalizes the construction of Lemmermeyer to a more general family of elliptic curves over \(\mathbb Q : \{E:y^2=x^3+abx^2+bk^2x\), \(k\in\mathbb Z\}\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are fixed integers. Again, the result is that the 2-rank of \(\text{ Ш}(E/\mathbb Q)\) is unbounded as \(k\) ranges over \(\mathbb Z\). The author uses quadratic residue symbols in \({\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{b})\) to obtain the result. Since there are infinitely many quadratic fields with odd class number, the author obtains infinitely many elliptic curves over \(\mathbb Q\) whose Tate-Shafarevich group is arbitrarily large.