A family of diffusion processes on Sierpiński carpets (Q5932125)

Let \(F\) be the unbounded \(d\)-dimensional Sierpiński carpet, \(B_{i}\) be the set of all \(x \in F\) with an integer \(i\)-coordinate and noninteger \(j \neq i\) coordinates, \(B =\) \(\bigcup_{i} B_{i}\), \(B^{n} = 3^{- n} B\), \(A^{n} = B^{n+1} \backslash B^{n}\), \(A^{\infty} = \bigcup_{n \in {\mathbb Z}} A^{n}\), \(A = A^{0} \cap F \cap [0,1]^{d}\), \(d_{H} = \log(3^{d}-1)/\log 3\) (the Hausdorff dimension of \(F\)). Since \(A^{\infty}\) is a disjoint union of \((d-1)\)-dimensional cubes, consider the sum \(\lambda\) of the corresponding Lebesgue measures. Let \(m:A \rightarrow [ 0,\infty)\) be lower semicontinuous, \(\int m d \lambda \in(0,\infty)\) and let \(d_{H} < \alpha < \infty\). Construct a measure \(\mu = \mu^{[ \alpha,m ]}\) on \(F\) such that on \(A\) it is \(cm\lambda\) with a constant \(c\), \(\mu(3 X) = 3^{\alpha} \mu(X)\), \(\mu(X+a) = \mu(X)\) if \(X \subset F \cap(0,1^{) d}\) and \(a \in {\mathbb Z}^{d}\), \(\mu(F \cap(0,1)^{d}) = 1\) and \(\mu\) is concentrated on \(A^{\infty} = \bigcup_{n \in {\mathbb Z}} 3^{n} A^{0}\). Consider \({\mathcal D}_{0} \subset L^{2}(\mu)\) consisting of all (restrictions to \(F\) of) Lipschitz functions \(f\) with compact support such that \(D(f,f) =(1/2) \sum(\partial f/\partial x_{i})^{2}\) is in \(L^{\infty}(\lambda)\) and \(\nabla_{N} f = 0\) \(\lambda\)-a.e., where \(\nabla_{N}\) is the derivative in the direction perpendicular to ``the \((d-1)\)-dimensional cube'', and \({\mathcal E}(f,f) = \int D(f,f) d \mu\). The author proves that \(({\mathcal E},{\mathcal D}_{0})\) is a closable Dirichlet form and that its closure \(({\mathcal E},{\mathcal D})\) is strongly local, regular, in the sense of \textit{M. Fukushima, Y. Oshima} and \textit{M. Takeda} [``Dirichlet forms and symmetric Markov processes'' (1994; Zbl 0838.31001)]; let \(P_{t}\) be the transition probabilities of the diffusion corresponding to \(({\mathcal E},{\mathcal D})\), \(\mu^{n} = \chi_{_{A} n} \mu\), \(\sigma^{n}(S) = \liminf_{\varepsilon \downarrow 0} \mu^{n}(S^{\varepsilon} \backslash S)\), \(S^{\varepsilon} = \{x;d(x,S) \leq \varepsilon \} \), \(\sigma = \sum_{n \in {\mathbb Z}} \sigma^{n}\). For an open \(G \subset {\mathbb R}^{d}\) consider the family \(Q(G)\) of all bounded open \(H\) with a piecewise smooth boundary \(\partial H\) and \(\mu(H) \in(0,\mu(G)/2)\) and define \({\mathcal I}_{\mu}(G) = \inf_{H \in Q(G)}(\sigma(\partial H \cap G)/\mu(H \cap G)^{1-(1/\alpha)})\). If \[ {\mathcal I}_{\mu}({\mathbb R}^{d}) > 0,\tag{1} \] the author proves that for quasi all \(x \in F\), \(P_{t}(x,\cdot) = p(t,x,\cdot) \mu\) with \(p(t,x,y) \leq c ' t^{- \alpha/2} e^{- c |x-y |^{2}/t}\) for all \(t,y\). If moreover \[ \text{ for all }C = a+(F \cap [ 0,1 ]^{d}) \subset F,\;a \in {\mathbb Z}^{d},\text{ we have }\inf_{\delta \in D}({\mathcal I}_{\mu}(C^{\delta})) > 0, \] where \(D\) is the set of all \((1/2) 3^{- n}+b\), \(b = 1/3\), \(1/9\), \(n \geq 2\), together with \(1/2\), then, for every compact \(I \subset(0,\infty)\), \(K \subset F\), \(p(t,x,y) \geq c(I,K) > 0\) for all \((t,y) \in I \times K\), quasi for all \(x \in K\). The conditions (1), (2) are implied by: \(\inf m > 0\), \(\sup m < \infty\). If \(\alpha < d_{H}+2\) and (1), (2) are valid, then the Hausdorff measure \(\nu_{H}\) charges no set of \(0\) capacity. The same conclusions are stated for \(D^{a}(f,f) =(1/2) \sum a_{ij}(\partial f/\partial x_{i})(\partial f/\partial x_{j})\) with uniform elliptic and uniformly bounded \((a_{ij})\). Titles of paragraphs in the proofs: Nash and Poincaré inequalities, parabolic Harnack inequalities and lower bounds, time change with respect to the Hausdorff measure, a covering and the global isoperimetric inequality.