Fixed-point theorems and equilibrium problems (Q5932179)

Let \(E\) be a real topological space, \(X\subset E\) a nonempty convex subset, \(Z\) a locally convex topological vector space, \(P\subset Z\) a closed convex cone, with \(\text{Int}(P)\neq\emptyset\) and \(P\neq Z\). On \(Z\) a vector ordering is defined by means of: \(z\preceq 0\Leftrightarrow z\in -P\), \(z\succeq 0\Leftrightarrow z\in P\), \(z\prec 0\Leftrightarrow z\in -\text{Int}(P)\), \(z\succ 0\Leftrightarrow z\in \text{Int}(P)\). Let \(F: X\times X\to Z\) be given. The vectorial equilibrium problem consisting in finding \(x^* E\) such that (1) \(x^*\in X\), \(F(x^*, y)\nprec 0\) for all \(y\in X\), or (2) \(x^*\in X\), \(F(x^*, y)\succeq 0\) for all \(y\in X\). If \(Z= R\), problem (1) and (2) reduce to the equilibrium of finding \(x^*\in E\) such that (3) \(x^*\in X\), \(F(x^*, y)\geq 0\) for all \(y\in X\). If \(X\) is a convex subset of a topological vector space, a multimap \(T: X\to X\) is said KKM map if \(\text{co}(A)\subset T(A)\) for each finite subset \(A\) of \(X\). In this paper, the authors establish fixed point theorems and apply the fixed point theorems or generalized KKM theorem [\textit{K. Fan}, Math. Ann. 266, 519-537 (1984; Zbl 0515.47029)] to establish the existence theorems of equilibrium problem (3) under various conditions of \(F\). As a consequence of the existence theorems of equilibrium problem (3) the authors establish an existence theorem of variational-like inequality problem of finding \(x^*\in X\) such that (4) \(x^*\in X\), \(\langle Tx^*, g(y, x^*)\rangle\geq 0\) for all \(y\in X\), where \(X\) is a convex subset of \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(T: X\to \mathbb{R}^n\) and \(g: X\times X\to \mathbb{R}^n\) are continuous maps. Applying the existence theorems of (3) they establish the vectorial equilibrium existence theorems of (1) and (2). The results obtained contain as particular cases the results from: \textit{W. Oettli} [Acta Math. Vietnami. 22, No. 1, 213-221 (1997; Zbl 0914.90235)]; \textit{S. Park} and \textit{H. Kim} [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 197, No. 1, 173-187 (1996; Zbl 0851.54039)]; \textit{E. Tarafdar} and \textit{G. X. Z. Yuan} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Meth. Appl. 30, No. 7, 4171-4181 (1997; Zbl 0912.49004)].