Factorization of operator-valued polynomials in several non-commuting variables (Q5932211)

The author gives a version of Fejer--Riesz factorization and factorization of positive operator-valued polynomials in several non-commuting variables. Let \({\mathcal G}_m\) denote the free semigroup on \(m\) generators \(g_1,\ldots,g_m\) and let \({\mathcal U}_m\) (resp. \({\mathcal S}_m\)) denote the set of \(m\)-tuples \(U=(U_1,\ldots,U_m)\) of unitary (resp. selfadjoint) operators on a Hilbert space. Given a word \(w=g_{j_1}\cdots g_{j_k}\in{\mathcal G}_m\) and \(U\in{\mathcal U}_m\) (resp. \(S\in{\mathcal S}_m\)), put \(U^w=U_{j_1}\cdots U_{j_k}\) (resp. \(S^w=S_{j_1}\cdots S_{j_k}\)). Let \({\mathcal G}_m^n\subset{\mathcal G}_m\) denote the words of length at most \(n\) and let \({\mathcal H}_m^n\) be the set of words of the form \(v^{-1}w\), where \(v,w\in{\mathcal G}_m^n\), in the free group generated by \(g_1,\ldots,g_m\). For \(h=v^{-1}w\) put \(U^h=(U^v)^*U^w\). Let \(K\) be a Hilbert space and let \(A_h\), \(h\in{\mathcal H}_m^n\), be some operators on \(K\). It is shown that if \(A(U)=\sum U^h\otimes A_h\) is positive semidefinite for each \(U\in{\mathcal U}_m\), then there exists a Hilbert space \(H\) and operators \(B_w:K\to H\), \(w\in{\mathcal G}_m^n\) such that \(A(U)=B(U)^*B(U)\), where \(B(U)=\sum U^w\otimes B_w\). If operators \(A_w\), \(w\in{\mathcal G}_m^{2n}\), are given and if \(A(S)=\sum S^w\otimes A_w\) is positive semidefinite for each \(S\in{\mathcal S}_m\), then there exist operators \(B_w:K\to H\), \(w\in{\mathcal G}_m^n\) such that \(A(S)=B(S)^*B(S)\), where \(B(S)=\sum S^w\otimes B_w\).