Hopf algebras in analysis (Q5932500)

This is a short survey article on the Hopf algebra \(H^0\), the continuous Hopf algebra dual of the complex polynomial Hopf algebra \(H=\mathbb{C}[x]\) in one primitive variable \(x\). Various realizations of \(H^0\) are given. One is the complex vector space spanned by the rational functions \({1\over(z-a)^{k+1}}\), for \(a\) in \(\mathbb{C}\), \(k\geq 0\). One is the space spanned by exponential polynomials \({t^ke^{at}\over k!}\). One is given in terms of linear operators on \(H\). Another version is as linearly recursive sequences. The coproduct and the convolution product are described in each realization. The last section briefly considers \(k[x]\) with \(x\) group-like, and the corresponding convolution product (the Hadamard product), giving \(H^0\) the structure of a bialgebra.