Pythagorean, Fermatian and \(P\)-reducing fields (Q5933398)

Let \(n\) be a positive integer and \(P\in{\mathbb Q}[T_1,\dots,T_n,X]\). A field \(K\) of characteristic 0 is said to be \(P\)-reducing if, for all \(n\)-tuples \((t_1,\dots,t_n)\in K^n\), all roots of \(P(t_1,\dots,t_n,X)\) belong to \(K\). The author proves the following theorem: Let \(P\in{\mathbb Q}[T_1,\dots,T_n,X]\) be absolutely irreducible with \(\text{ deg}_X(P)>1\). If \(K\) is an Hilbertian field, then the smallest \(P\)-reducing algebraic extension \(P_K\) of \(P\) has infinite degree over \(K\). Moreover, no proper finite extension of \(K_P\) is \(P\)-reducing. In the second part of the paper, the author considers ultra-\(n\)-Fermatian fields, a particular case of \(P\)-reducing fields. A field \(K\) is said to be ultra-\(n\)-Fermatian if it is \((X^n-T_1^n-T_2^n)\)-reducing. The smallest \((X^n-T_1^n-T_2^n)\)-reducing algebraic extension of a field \(K\) is called the ultra-\(n\)-Fermatian closure of \(K\) and is denoted by \(K_p^{u-\text{ferm}}\). Among others, it is shown that, if \(p\) is an odd prime and a field \(K\) of characteristic 0 contains the \(p^2\)-th roots of unity, then \(\text{ Gal}(K_p^{u-\text{ferm}}/K)\) is a torsion-free pro-\(p\)-group.