Upper estimates in direct inequalities for Bernstein-type operators (Q5933477)

Let \(I\) be a closed real interval, a function \(\varphi\in C(I)\) is called a weight function if \(\varphi(x)>0\), \(x\in I^0\) (the interior set of \(I)\). Given a weight function \(\varphi\), let \(\omega^2_\varphi (f, \varepsilon)_\infty\) be the Ditzian-Totik second modulus of smoothness of \(f\in C(I)\). Let \(\varphi\) be a weight function and let \(\delta_\varphi>0\). The authors consider a family \(\mathbb{L}:=(L_\delta, 0<\delta <\delta_0)\) of positive linear operators of the form \(L_\delta f(x):= Ef(Z_\delta(x))\), \(x\in I\), \(0< \delta< \delta_0\), \(E\) being the mathematical expectation and \((Z_\delta(x)\), \(x\in I\), \(0<\delta <\delta_0)\) a family of \(I\) -- valued random variables satisfying for all \(x\in I\) and \(0<\delta <\delta_0\), \(Z_\delta(x) =x+\delta \varphi(x) Y_\delta(x)\), \(EY_\delta (x)=0\), and \(\sup_{0< \delta< \delta_0} \sup_{x\in I}EY^2_\delta (x)<\infty\). Many classical families of positive linear operators allow for this a probabilistic expression. Finally \(\mu(\varphi)\) denotes the set of functions \(f\in C(I)\) satisfying \(L_\delta|f|(x)< \infty\), \(x\in I\), \(0<\delta <\delta_0\), as well as \(\omega^2_\varphi (f, \varepsilon)_\infty <\infty\), \(\varepsilon\geq 0\). We shall be concerned with pointwise estimates of the type \(|L_\delta f(x)-f(x)|\leq C_\delta(x) \omega^2_\varphi (f;\delta)_\infty\), \(x\in I\), \(0<\delta <\delta_0\), \(f\in\mu (\varphi)\), where \(C_\delta (x)\) may depend on \(\delta\) and \(x\), but not upon \(f\). The inequality \(0<\delta <\delta_0\), \(f\in\mu(\varphi)\), \(\sup_{0<u \leq \delta} \|L_uf-f \|\leq C\omega^2_\varphi (f;\delta)_\infty\), where \(\|\cdot \|\) stands for the usual sup-norm and \(C\) is an absolute constant is called a direct inequality. Under mild assumptions on \(\varphi\) the authors obtain general pointwise estimates which are applied to some classical families of operators: (1) Weierstrass operator \(W^\sigma_t\), let \(f\in\mu (\varphi)\), with \(\varphi(x) =1\), \(-\infty<x <\infty\), \(\|W^\sigma_t f-f\|\leq(1+ \sigma^2/2) \omega^2_\varphi (f;{1\over\sqrt t})_\infty\), \(t<0\). (2) The Szász operator \(S_t\), let \(f\in\mu (\varphi)\), with \(\varphi(x)= \sqrt x\), \(x\geq 0\), then \(\|S_tf-f \|\leq 4\omega^2_\varphi (f;{1\over \sqrt t})_\infty\), \(t>0\). (3) Bernstein polynomials, let \(f\in\mu (\varphi)\), with \(\varphi(x) =\sqrt{x (1-x)}\) \(x\in [0,1]\), then \(\|B_nf- f\|\leq 4\omega^2_\varphi (f;{1 \over \sqrt n})\), \(n=1,2, \dots\).