A unified calculus using the generalized Bernoulli polynomials (Q5933480)

The \(\alpha\)-Bernoulli polynomials \(B_{n,\alpha}(x)\) are defined by the generating function \[ {e^{(x- 1/2)z}\over g_\alpha({iz\over 2})}= \sum^\infty_{n= 0} {B_{n,\alpha}(x)\over n!} z^n, \] where \(g_\alpha(z):= 2^\alpha \Gamma(\alpha+ 1)(J_\alpha(z)/z^\alpha)\), the series converges for \(|z|< 2|j_1|\), where \(j_1= j_1(\alpha)\) is a zero of \(J_\alpha(z)/z^\alpha\) of least modulus. The polynomials \(B_{n,\alpha}(x)\), \(n= 0,1,2,\dots\) are defined for all complex values of \(\alpha\) except for \(\alpha= -1,-2,-3,\dots\)\ . Let \(B_{k,\alpha}:= B_{k,\alpha}(0)\). We denote by \(B_\tau\) the class of all entire functions of exponential type \(\tau\) bounded on the real axis. By \(\alpha\)-Bernoulli polynomials, the author considers a generalized derivative defined by \[ b_\alpha(f; z):= \sum^\infty_{k=0} {((-1)^k- 1)\over k!} B_{k,\alpha}f^{(k)}(z)\tag{1} \] letting \(\alpha={1\over 2}\), or \(\alpha\to\infty\), or \(\alpha=-{1\over 2}\) we respectively get \(b_{1/2}(f;z)= f'(z)\), \(b_\infty(f; z)= f(z+{1\over 2})- f(z-{1\over 2})\), \(b_{-1/2}(f; z)= \sum^\infty_{k=1} {(-1)^{k-1}\over 2^{k-1}} \Delta^kf(z)\), here \(\Delta f(z):= f(z+ 1)- f(z)\) and \(\Delta^k f(z):= \Delta^{k-1}(\Delta f(z))\) for \(k\geq 2\). The author presents approximation theoretic applications of the \(\alpha\)-derivative (1). This is done by introducing an expansion of the form \[ f(z)= \sum^\infty_{n=0} {b^{(n)}_\alpha (f;z_0)\over n!} \Phi_{n,\alpha}(z- z_0), \] where \(b^{(0)}_\alpha(f; z):= f(z)\) and \(b^{(n)}_\alpha(f; z):= b_\alpha(b^{(n-1)}_\alpha(f; z);z)\) for \(n= 1,2,3,\dots\)\ . The polynomials \(\Phi_{n,\alpha}(z)\) are introduced through the recurrence relation \(\Phi_{n,\alpha}(z)= z^n- \sum^{n-1}_{k=0} {b^{(k)}_\alpha(\zeta^n;\zeta=0)\over k!} \Phi_{k,\alpha}(z)\), with \(\Phi_{0,\alpha}(z)\equiv 1\), \(\Phi_{1,\alpha}(z)= z\), \(\Phi_{2,\alpha}(z)= z^2\). The author introduces the \(\alpha\)-integral \[ \alpha\int^z_{z_0} f(t) dt:= \sum^\infty_{k=1} {b^{(k-1)}_\alpha (f; z_0)\over k!} \Phi_{k,\alpha}(z- z_0), \] if the series converges. The author researches an unified calculus using the generalized Bernoulli polynomials. Example: the author proves Theorem 2.1. Let \(z\) be a complex number. For each \(f\in B_\tau\), if \(\tau< 2|j_1|\), \[ \sum^\infty_{k=0} {((-1)^k-1)\over k!} B_{k,\alpha} f^{(k)}(z)= \sum^\infty_{k=0} {B_{k,\alpha}(z)\over k!} (f^{(k)}(1)- f^{(k)}(0)). \] Theorem 2.2. Let \(z_0\) and \(z\) be complex numbers. There exists a positive constant \(\tau(\alpha)\) such that the expansion \[ f(z)= \sum^\infty_{n=0} {b^{(n)}_\alpha (f;z_0)\over n!} \Phi_{n,\alpha}(z- z_0) \] holds for all \(f\in B_\tau\) if \(\tau< \tau(\alpha)\). Moreover, we have \(\tau(\alpha)< 2\pi\) if \(\alpha> {1\over 2}\).