On the boundedness of dyadic Hardy and Hardy-Littlewood operators on the dyadic spaces \(H\) and BMO (Q5933685)

The dyadic Hardy and Hardy-Littlewood operators on \(\mathbb{R}_+\), respectively, are defined by \[ \mathcal H_{\text d}f(x) = \sum_{m=n+1}^\infty 2^{-m} \int_{2^m}^{2^{m+1}}f(t) dt, \] and \[ \mathcal B_{\text d} f(x) = 2^{-n} \int_0^{2^n} f(t) dt, \] where \(x\in\mathbb{R}_+\) and \(n=n(x)\) is such that \(2^n\leq x<2^{n+1}\). These operators are bounded on \(L^p(\mathbb{R}_+)\) for any \(1<p<\infty\) and are adjoints of each other. The dyadic Hardy space \(H_{\text d}(\mathbb{R}_+)\) consists of all functions \(f\) on \(\mathbb{R}_+\) for which the dyadic maximal function \(M_{\text d}(f)(x)=\sup_{I\ni x} f_I\), where \(f_I=\frac 1{|I|} \int_I f(t) dt\) and \(I\) runs over all dyadic intervals \([k2^{-n},(k+1)2^{-n})\), \(k\in\mathbb{Z}_+\), \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\), containing~\(x\), belongs to \(L_1(\mathbb{R}_+)\). Similarly, \(f\) belongs to the dyadic BMO-space \(\text{BMO}_{\text d}(\mathbb{R}_+)\) if \(\sup_I (|f-f_I|)_I <\infty\), where the supremum is taken over all dyadic intervals~\(I\); and to \(\text{VMO}_{\text d}(\mathbb{R}_+)\) if \(f\in \text{BMO}_{\text d}(\mathbb{R}_+)\) and the last supremum, taken only over all dyadic intervals of length \(|I|\) smaller than \(\varepsilon\) or bigger than \(1/\varepsilon\), tends to zero when \(\varepsilon\searrow 0\). The main result of the paper is that \(\mathcal B_{\text d}\) is a bounded linear operator on \(\text{BMO}_{\text d}(\mathbb{R}_+)\), of norm not exceeding~8, which maps \(\text{VMO}_{\text d}(\mathbb{R}_+)\) into itself, and \(\mathcal H_{\text d}\) is a bounded linear operator on \(H_{\text d}(\mathbb{R}_+)\), of norm not exceeding~2. For 1-periodic analogues of the operators \(\mathcal H_{\text d}\) and \(\mathcal B_{\text d}\) on the dyadic Hardy space \(H_{\text d}[0,1]\) and its dual space \(\text{BMO}_{\text d}[0,1]\), similar results were obtained by \textit{T. Eisner} [Acta Sci. Math. 64, No.~1-2, 201-214 (1998; Zbl 0910.42014)].