Some arithmetical properties of the generating power series for the sequence \(\{\zeta(2k+1)\}_{k=1}^{\infty}\) (Q5933723)

Let \(\zeta(s)\) be the Riemann zeta-function. The aim of this paper is to study arithmetic properties of the power series \(f_{\text{odd}}:=\sum^\infty_{k=1}\zeta(2k+1)z^{2k}\), in contrast to those of the power series \(f_{\text{even}}:=\sum^\infty_{k=1}\zeta(2k)z^{2k}\). The main result of the paper is to show that the numbers \(\{1\}\cup\{f_{\text{odd}} (r_{\ell})\}^M_{\ell=1}\) are lineary independent over \(\overline {\mathbb Q}\), where \(\{r_{\ell}=a_{\ell}/b_{\ell}\}^M_{\ell=1}\) are arbitrary distinct rational numbers with \((a_{\ell},b_{\ell})=1\), \(0<r_{\ell}<1\), and such that for any \(\ell\) there exists an odd prime \(p_{\ell}\) with \(p_{\ell}\mid b_{\ell}\) and \(p_{\ell}\nmid b_j\) when \(j\neq \ell\). As a consequence, we have that \(f_{\text{odd}}(r)\) is transcendental, where \(0<r=a/b<1\) be a rational number with \(b\) not a power of 2. Note that \(f_{\text{even}}(z)\) is a transcendental number for every rational \(z\), but the numbers 1, \(f_{\text{even}}(z_1)\) and \(f_{\text{even}}(z_2)\) are linearly dependent on \(\overline {\mathbb Q}\), for every choice of \(z_1\), \(z_2\) in \(\mathbb Q\). Moreover, it is shown that \(f_{\text{odd}}(z)\) is an even meromorphic function with simple poles at \(z\in \mathbb Z\setminus \{0\}\) and that \(f_{\text{odd}}\notin \mathbb K\otimes_{\mathbb Q}\mathbb C\), where \(\mathbb K\) is the field of meromorphic functions assuming only algebraic values at the rational points. Note that on the contrary, \(f_{\text{even}}\in \mathbb K\otimes_{\mathbb Q}\mathbb C\).