Multilinear components of the prime subvarieties of the variety \(\text{Var}(M_2(F))\) (Q5934277)

In the 80's the author of the paper under review developed the structure theory of the ideals of polynomial identities for algebras over a field of characteristic 0 [see \textit{A. R. Kemer}, Ideals of identities of associative algebras. Transl. Math. Monogr. 87, Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (1991; Zbl 0732.16001)]. The main building blocks of his theory are the T-prime T-ideals (i.e., ideals of polynomial identities which are prime in the class of T-ideals). Later he started the investigation of the case of infinite base fields of positive characteristic, where the picture is more complicated and the classification of the T-prime ideals is far from being complete. The main result of the present paper is the description of the multilinear identities of the prime subvarieties of the variety \(\text{Var}(M_2(F))\) generated by the \(2\times 2\) matrix algebra \(M_2(F)\) over a field \(F\) of characteristic \(p>0\). The author shows that for every positive integer \(k\) there exists a multilinear trace polynomial \(f_k\) of degree \(p^k-2\) such that: (i) If \(V\) is a proper prime subvariety of \(\text{Var}(M_2(F))\) containing also noncommutative algebras, then there exists a \(k\) such that the multilinear identities of \(V\) coincide with those in the trace \(\widetilde{\text{T}}\)-ideal \(\widetilde\Gamma_k\) where \(\widetilde\Gamma_k\) is generated by \(f_k\), the Cayley-Hamilton trace polynomial for \(2\times 2\) matrices and the polynomial \(\text{Tr}(1)-2\); (ii) For every \(k\) there exists a prime variety \(V\) with multilinear identities as these in \(\widetilde\Gamma_k\); (iii) The set of all multilinear polynomials in \(\widetilde\Gamma_k\) not containing traces strictly contains the corresponding set for \(\widetilde\Gamma_{k+1}\).