A generalization of Bôcher's theorem for polyharmonic functions (Q5935591)

In \(\mathbb{R}^n\), \(n\geq 2\), a \(C^{2m}\)-function \(u(x)\) on an open set \(\omega\) is said to be \(m\)-harmonic if \(\Delta^mu=0\). Suppose \(u(x)\) is \(m\)-harmonic on \(0<|x|<1\) such that \(\int_{0<|x|<1}u^+ (x)|x |^s dx <\infty\) for some integer \(s\geq 0\). Then, it is proved here that \(u\) is of the form \[ u(x)= \sum_{|\mu |\leq s+2m-1} c(\mu)D^\mu K_m(x)+v(x) \] where \(v(x)\) is \(m\)-harmonic on \(|x|<1\), \(c(\mu)\) constants and \(K_m (x)\) the fundamental solution of \(\Delta^m\). This result generalizes the classical Bôcher theorem for harmonic functions: If \(u(x)\geq 0\) is harmonic on \(0<|x|<1\), then there exists a harmonic function \(v(x)\) on \(|x |<1\) and a constant \(\alpha\geq 0\) such that \[ u(x)=\begin{cases} -\alpha\log|x |+v(x)\quad &\text{if }n=2\\ \alpha|x|^{2-n}+ v(x)\quad & \text{if }n\geq 3. \end{cases} \] For a study of biharmonic functions \((\Delta^2u=0)\) near a point singularity (finite or infinite), see [\textit{T. Al-Fadhel}, \textit{V. Anandam}, and \textit{S. I. Othman}, Arab. J. Math. Sci. 5, 29-41 (1999; Zbl 0935.31004)].