\(P\)-localization of relative groups (Q5935971)

Localization of a group \(G\) at a set of primes \(P\) is given by a universal map \(G\to G_P\); for \(n\) not divisible by \(p\in P\), the \(n\)-th power map \(g\mapsto g^n\) in \(G_P\) is a bijection. On nilpotent groups this functor is exact, hence well understood, starting from the abelian case \(G \to G\otimes \mathbb Z_P\). However, \(P\)-localization fails to be exact in general, and so our tools to study its effect are limited. \smallskip\noindent Generalizing earlier works, the authors work around this obstacle by introducing a process which sends a short exact sequence \ \(N \rightarrowtail E \twoheadrightarrow F\) \ in a universal way to a sequence \ \(N_P \rightarrowtail E' \twoheadrightarrow F^R\), where \(F^R\) is a functorial quotient of \(F\). They give conditions under which \(E'\cong E_P\). Thus information about \(E_P\) is gained whenever information about \(N_P\) and \(F^R\) is available.