An infinitary polynomial Hales-Jewett theorem (Q5937675)
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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1620036
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English | An infinitary polynomial Hales-Jewett theorem |
scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1620036 |
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An infinitary polynomial Hales-Jewett theorem (English)
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30 September 2001
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``A joint extension of H. Furstenberg's central sets theorem [Recurrence in ergodic theory and combinatorial number theory. M. B. Porter Lectures, Rice University, Department of Mathematics, 1978. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press (1981; Zbl 0459.28023)], the Hales-Jewett colouring theory [\textit{A. W. Hales} and \textit{R. I. Jewett}, Regularity and positional games. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 106, 222-229 (1963; Zbl 0113.14802)], and the polynomial van der Waerden theorem of \textit{V. Bergelson} and \textit{A. Leibman} [Polynomial extensions of van der Waerden's and Szemerédi's theorems. J. Am. Math. Soc. 9, No. 3, 725-753 (1996; Zbl 0870.11015); Set-polynomials and polynomial extension of the Hales-Jewett theorem. Ann. Math. 150, No. 1, 33-75 (1999)] is obtained by an elaboration on \textit{H. Furstenberg}'s and \textit{Y. Katznelson}'s approach to infinitary Ramsey theory via the enveloping semigroup [Idempotents in compact semigroups and Ramsey theory. Isr. J. Math. 68, No. 3, 257-270 (1989; Zbl 0714.05059)]. \dots{} We produce a `polynomial version' of an infinitary Hales-Jewett type theorem due to \textit{T. J. Carlson} and \textit{S. G. Simpson} [A dual form of Ramsey's theorem. Adv. Math. 53, 265-290 (1984; Zbl 0564.05005)].'' Using the term ``matrix'' in a generalized sense, the author denotes by \({\mathcal M}^{(\ell,k)}_R\) the set of all functions (``matrices'') \(A:\{1,2,\dots,R\}^\ell\rightarrow \{0,1,\dots,k-1\}\), where \(R, \ell, k\in{\mathbb{N}}\); \({\mathcal M}^{(\ell,k)}=\bigcup_{R=1}^\infty{\mathcal M}_R^{(\ell,k)}\). ``Define \(R_0=0\). Let \((R_i)_{i=1}^\infty\) be an increasing sequence of natural numbers, and let \((B_i)_{i=0}^\infty\) be a sequence of non-empty sets such that \(B_i\subset\{R_{i-1}+1,R_{i-1}+2,\dots ,R_i\}\). For \((i_1,i_2,\dots ,i_\ell),(j_1,j_2,\dots ,j_\ell)\in{\mathbb{N}}^\ell\), let \(a_{i_1i_2\dots i_\ell}\) be the symbol \(x_{j_1j_2\dots j_\ell}\) if \((i_1,i_2,\dots ,i_\ell)\in B_{j_1}\times B_{j_2}\times\cdots\times B_{j_\ell}\); otherwise let \(a_{i_1i_2\dots i_\ell}\in\{0,1,\dots ,k-1\}\). Then \(V\left(x_{j_1j_2\dots j_\ell}\right)=(a_{i_1i_2\dots i_\ell})_{i_1,i_2,\dots ,a_\ell }\) is a matrix indexed by \({\mathbb{N}}^\ell\) whose entries come from the set \(\{0,1,\dots ,k-1\}\cup\{x_{j_1j_2\dots j_\ell}:j_1,j_2,\dots ,j_\ell\in{\mathbb{N}}\}\). Moreover, for fixed \(m\in {\mathbb{N}}\), the matrix \(V_m(x_{j_1j_2\dots j_\ell})=(a_{i_1i_2\dots i_\ell})^{R_m}_{i_1,i_2,\dots ,i_\ell=1} \) is a matrix indexed by \(\{1,2,\dots ,R_m\}^\ell\) whose entries come from the set \(\{0,1,\dots ,k-1\}\cup\{x_{j_1j_2\dots j_\ell}:1\leq j_1,j_2,\dots ,j_\ell\leq m\}\). A matrix of this type induces an injection of \({\mathcal M}_m^{(\ell,k)}\) into \({\mathcal M}_{R_m}^{(\ell,k)}\). Letting \(m\) range over \({\mathbb{N}}\), the matrix \(V(x_{j_1j_2\dots j_\ell})\) induces a map from \({\mathcal M}^{(\ell,k)}\) to \({\mathcal M}^{(\ell,k)}\). We call the image of such a map an \({\mathcal M}^{(\ell,k)}\)-ring.'' The ``main'' theorem is Theorem 2.3: Let \(\ell, k\in{\mathbb{N}}\), and let \({\mathcal N}\) be an \({\mathcal M}^{(\ell,k)}\)-ring. For any finite partition \({\mathcal N}=\bigcup_{i=1}^rC_i\), one of the cells \(C_i\) contains a subring of \({\mathcal N}\).
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Hales-Jewett theorem
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Ramsey theory
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