Webs, Lenard schemes, and the local geometry of bi-Hamiltonian Toda and Lax structures (Q5938479)

The authors introduce the criterion that a given bi-Hamiltonian structure admits a local coordinate system where both brackets have constant coefficients. Then this criterion is applied to the bi-Hamiltonian open Toda lattice in a generic point, which is shown to be locally isomorphic to a Kronecker odd-dimensional pair of brackets with constant coefficients. This shows that the open Toda lattice can not be locally represented as a product of two bi-Hamiltonian structures. It is shown that the bi-Hamiltonian periodic Toda lattice is isomorphic, near a generic point, to a product of two open Toda lattices. The authors use an approach based on general results on geometry of webs and demonstrate the possibility of applying a geometric language to problems on bi-Hamiltonian integrable systems. Based on these geometric approaches, they conjecture that decompositions similar to the decompositions of the periodic Toda lattice exist in local geometry of the Volterra system, the complete Toda lattice, the multidimensional Euler top, and a regular bi-Hamiltonian Lie coalgebra. The class of homogeneous structures is shown to coincide with the class of systems integrable by Lenard scheme. The bi-Hamiltonian structures which admit a non-degenerate Lax structure are shown to be locally isomorphic to the open Toda lattice.