Existence of coexistence states: A generic property for cyclic 3-dimensional competitive systems (Q5938641)

Here, the following cyclic system \[ \dot{x}_i(t)=x_i(t)F_i(t, x(t)), \quad x=(x_1,x_2,x_3), \quad 1\leq i\leq 3, \] with \(F_i: \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}_+\rightarrow \mathbb{R}\), \(i=1,2,3\), continuous functions that are \(T\)-periodic in \(t\) and locally Lipschitz continuous in \(x\), is investigated. The system is said to be \(\tau\)-cyclic (resp. \(\sigma\)-cyclic) if the species \(x_i\) (resp. \(x_{i+1}\)) is carried to extinction by \(x_{i+1}\) (resp. \(x_i\)) in the subsystem obtained from the system by letting \(x_{i-1}=0\). First, the author obtains that the system has a compact invariant 2-cell. The system has a coexistence state if the system is \(\tau\) cyclic and some inequalities hold. Moreover, there exists a compact set in the interior of \(\mathbb{R}_+^3\) which contains all coexistence states.