Relative periodic point theory (Q5939007)

Let \((X,Y)\) be a pair of compact ANRs and \({\mathcal R}\) be the set of components of \(X-Y\). Given a map \(f:(X,Y)\to (X,Y)\), the code of a periodic point \(p\in X-Y\) is the itinerary \(C=R_0R_1\dots R_{n-1}\) of \(p\) where \(f^i(p)\in R_i\) and \(R_i \in{\mathcal R}\) for \(i=0,1,\dots ,n-1\). The author introduces Lefschetz and Nielsen type invariants to study the periodic points in \(X-Y\). In particular, he considers, from the viewpoint of dynamics, \(Y\)-separated Nielsen classes which coincide with the surplus classes of \textit{X. Zhao} [ibid. 37, No. 3, 257-265 (1990; Zbl 0713.55001)]. Let \({N^n}_{\mathcal R}(f)\) denote the number of essential \(Y\)-separated Nielsen classes with codes of length \(n\) in \({\mathcal R}\). Then, under certain conditions, the asymptotic Nielsen number \({N^{\infty}}_{\mathcal R}(f):=\limsup_{n\to \infty}\frac{\log {N^{\infty}}_{\mathcal R}(f)}{n}\) is shown to be a lower bound for the topological entropy \(h_{top}(f)\) of \(f\). Since the Nielsen type numbers studied in this paper are not homotopy-type invariants, they give stronger information about periodic points in the complement \(X-Y\) than those studied by \textit{P. R. Heath, H. Schirmer} and \textit{C. You} [ibid. 63, No. 2, 97-116 (1995; Zbl 0827.55001)].