Schur subalgebras (Q5939580)

Let \(F\) be a field of characteristic \(p\), and let \(G\) be the algebraic group \(\text{GL}_n(F)\) of invertible \(n\times n\) matrices with entries in \(F\). The category of polynomial representations of \(G\) in prime characteristic is a very difficult object to understand, and there is much still unknown; its structure is reflected in the representations of the Schur algebras \(S(n,r)\), for \(r\) a natural number, and the decomposition numbers of \(S(n,r)\) are a fundamental part of this structure. For each partition \(\lambda\) of \(r\) into at most \(n\) parts, there is a module \(\nabla(\lambda)\) for \(S(n,r)\), known as the dual Weyl module of weight \(\lambda\). If \(p=0\), then \(S(n,r)\) is semisimple, and the dual Weyl modules are precisely the simple \(S(n,r)\)-modules. However, in prime characteristic, the simple modules appear only as the socles of the dual Weyl modules. The decomposition numbers of \(S(n,r)\) are the composition multiplicities \([\nabla(\lambda):L(\mu)]\). In this paper, the authors concentrate on the Schur algebras \(S(2,r)\). One way of computing the composition multiplicites is to find embeddings of one Schur algebra into another, and the authors do this, building on recent work of \textit{A. E. Henke} [J. Algebra 233, No. 1, 342-362 (2000; Zbl 0979.20016)], using an explicit description of the multiplication in the Schur algebra. They also find embeddings of Schur algebras corresponding to ``dilations'' of the decomposition matrices. Note: See also the related paper by \textit{A. Henke} and \textit{S. König} [Relating polynomial \(\text{GL}(n)\) representations in different degrees, to appear in J. Reine Angew. Math.], which generalises the results of A. Henke in a structural way, proving the existence of certain Morita equivalences which imply coincidences of decomposition number patterns.