A category equivalence between homogeneous completely decomposable Abelian groups and modules over principal ideal domains (Q5939826)

\(\tau\)-homogeneous completely decomposable torsion-free Abelian groups have some similarity with free modules over principal ideal domains. In fact, if \(\tau\) is the type of a subring \(R\) of the field of rational numbers \(\mathbb{Q}\), then \(R\) is a principal ideal domain and a \(\tau\)-homogeneous completely decomposable group is a free module over \(R\). Which properties of free modules over principal ideal domains carry over to homogeneous torsion-free Abelian groups? Let \(R\) be an additive subgroup of the rationals containing \(\mathbb{Z}\), a rational group for short. Let \(R_0=\text{End }R\). Then \(R_0\) consists of all multiplications by reduced fractions \(n/m\) with \(mR=R\). Thus \(R_0\) may be considered the largest ring contained in \(R\) and as such is called the nucleus of \(R\). The author formalizes a general method of relating an \(R\)-homogeneous completely decomposable group \(X\) with a module over the principal ideal domain \(R_0\). Writing \(X=\bigoplus x_iR\), it is true that \(X_R=\bigoplus x_iR_0\), and that \(X\cong X_R\otimes_{R_0}R\). The author is specifically interested in modules with distinguished subgroups. Let \(S\) be a finite poset and \(R\) a rational group. Then \(\text{Rep}(S,R)\) denotes the category of objects \(\mathbb{H}=(H,H_i:i\in S)\) where \(H\) is an \(R\)-homogeneous completely decomposable group and the \(H_i\) are \(R\)-homogeneous completely decomposable subgroups of \(H\) such that \(H_i\subseteq H_j\) whenever \(i\leq j\) in \(S\). The morphisms \(\varphi\colon\mathbb{H}=(H,H_i:i\in S)\to\mathbb{K}=(K,K_i:i\in S)\) are homomorphism \(\varphi\colon H\to K\) such that \(\varphi(H_i)\subseteq K_i\). The main result of the paper is Theorem~3.2: The functors \(\Phi_S\colon\text{Rep}(S,R)\to\text{Rep}(S,R_0)\) defined by \(\Phi_S(H,H_i)=(H_R,(H_i)_R)\), \(\Phi_S(\varphi)=\varphi\restriction_{H_R}\) and \(\Psi_S\colon\text{Rep}(S,R_0)\to\text{Rep}(S,R)\) defined by \(\Psi_S(M,M_i)=(M\otimes_{R_0}R,M_i\otimes_{R_0}R)\), \(\Psi_S(\psi)=\psi\otimes\text{id}_R\), establish a natural equivalence between the two categories. In a section on ``Decomposition Theorems'' the category equivalence is used to transfer a number of results on ``complemented representations'' of modules over principal ideal domains to homogeneous completely decomposable Abelian groups.