Fundamental Ehresmann semigroups (Q5939963)

Let \(S\) be a semigroup containing a semilattice of idempotents \(E\) as a subsemigroup. The pair \((S,E)\) is called Ehresmann if there are equivalences \(\widetilde{\mathcal L}_E\) and \(\widetilde{\mathcal R}_E\) on \(S\) such that the former is a right congruence on \(S\), the latter a left congruence or \(S\), and every \(\widetilde{\mathcal L}_E\)-class and \(\widetilde{\mathcal R}_E\)-class contains at least one member of \(E\). We then define \(\widetilde{\mathcal H}_E=\widetilde{\mathcal L}_E\cap\widetilde{\mathcal R}_E\) and call \((S,E)\) fundamental if \(\mu_E\), the largest congruence contained in \(\widetilde{\mathcal H}_E\), is trivial. The paper develops the theory of fundamental semigroups in this context by constructing an analogue of \(T_E\), the Munn semigroup for inverse semigroups, in the larger context of Ehresmann semigroups. The theory is then specialised to other generalisations of inverse semigroups; in particular to so-called weakly hedged semigroups.