Geometrical tools for quantum Euclidean spaces (Q5940440)

Noncommutative geometry of \(\mathbb{R}^3_q\) was developped in [\textit{B. L. Cerchiai}, \textit{J. Madore}, \textit{S. Schraml} and \textit{J. Wess}, Eur. Phys. J. C 16, 169-180 (2000), hereafter referred to as [1]], by using a noncommutative version of Cartan's moving-frame formalism [\textit{A. Dimakis} and \textit{J. Madore}, J. Math. Phys. 37, No. 9, 4647-4661 (1996; Zbl 0863.58005)], hereafter referred to as [2]]. In this paper, results of [1] are generalized to general \(\mathbb{R}_q^N\) of \textit{L. Faddeev}, \textit{N. Reshetikhin} and \textit{L. Takhtajan} [Leningrad Math. J. 1, 193-225 (1990); translation from Algebra Anal. 1, 178-206 (1989; Zbl 0715.17015), hereafter referred to as [3]]. Answers are identical to the 3-dimensional case if \(q\) is odd. While if \(q\) is even, answers are a little different. The outline of the paper is as follows: Section 2 is a review of [2], assuming the module of the 1-forms \(\Omega^2({\mathcal A})\) of a formal noncommutative associative algebra \({\mathcal A}\) is free of rank \(N\) and admits a special basis \(\{\theta^\alpha\}_{1\leq a\leq N}\) referred to as ``frame''. According to \textit{M. Dubois-Violette}, \textit{J. Madore}, \textit{T. Masson}, and \textit{J. Mourad} [J. Math. Phys. 37, No. 8, 4089-4102 (1996; Zbl 0873.58006)], metrics, covariant derivatives and curvatures of \({\mathcal A}\) are also defined assuming the center of \({\mathcal A}\) is trivial. The quantum Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}_q^N\) is generated by \(\{x^i\}_{i=-n,\dots,n}\), where \(n=(N-1)/2\) if \(N\) is odd and \(n=n/2\) if \(N\) is even. Their commutation relations are given by using projectors \({\mathcal P}_a\) which decompose the braid matrix \(\widehat R\) for \(SO_q(N,\mathbb{C})\) ([3], explicit form of \(\widehat R\) is given in Appendix 7.1 of this paper). To develop differential calculi, it needs to add \(r_i\), \(i=1,\dots, n\), \(r_i^2= \sum^i_{k,l=-i} g_{kl}x^kx^l\) and their inverses to \(\mathbb{R}_q^N\), where \(g_{ij}\) is a deformation of the ordinary Euclidean metric defined by using \({\mathcal P}\). This extended algebra has nontrivial center. So it needs to add the ``dilator'' \(\Lambda\) and its inverse, if \(N\) is odd. If \(N\) is even, adding \(\Lambda\) is insufficient, and we need to add a ``Drinfeld-Jimbo'' generator \(K\) apart from \(\Lambda\). Commutation relations of \(\Lambda\), the derivation \(d\) and \(\xi^i=dx^i\) are not unique and there are two possibilities \[ \xi^i \Lambda= \Lambda \xi^i, \quad \Lambda d=q d\Lambda,\tag{1} \] \[ x^i(d \Lambda)=q (d\Lambda) x^i,\quad \xi^i\Lambda =q\Lambda \xi^i.\tag{2} \] If we select (1), \(\Lambda\) can not be considered as an element of the quantum space. But we can normalize \(\theta^a\) and \(\lambda_a\), \(\theta^a\) is dual to a set of inner derivations \(e_a =\text{ad}\lambda_a\) in such a way to obtain \(\mathbb{R}^N\) as geometry in the commutative limit. While if we select (2), we may consider \(\Lambda\) to be an element of the quantum space but would recover \(\mathbb{R}\times S^{N-1}\) as geometry in the continuum limit. So in the rest of the paper, the relation (1) is assumed. The resulting algebra is denoted by \({\mathcal A}_N\) (Section 3). In Section 4, inner derivations and frame are studied. For this purpose, \(N\) independent solutions to the equation \([f,\vartheta^a]=0\) for any \(f\in{\mathcal A}_N\) are constructed and related to the Faddeev-Reshetikin-Taktadjan generators \({\mathcal L}_l^\pm\) of \(U_qso(N)\). Then several commutation relations of \(\theta^a\), \(\vartheta^a\), etc. are computed. They relate the \(SO_q(N)\)-covariant derivatives introduced following the approach of Woronowicz and Wess-Zumino [\textit{S. L. Woronowicz}, Lect. Notes Phys. 116, 407-412 (1980; Zbl 0513.46046), and \textit{J. Wess} and \textit{B. Zumino}, Nucl. Phys. B, Proc. Suppl. 18, 302-312 (1990; Zbl 0957.46514)] to the inner derivations dual to the frame which are defined following the approach of Connes. In Section 5, the homomorphism \({\mathcal A}_n \rtimes U_q so(N)\to {\mathcal A}_N\) is constructed (Theorems 1 and 2. Their proofs are given in Appendix). The homomorphism \(U_qso (N)\ltimes {\mathcal A}_N\to {\mathcal A}_N\) is also constructed if \(N\) is odd (Theorem 3). In Section 6, the last Section, covariant derivative, corresponding linear connection and the metric associated to the frame introduced in the previous Section are constructed and it is shown that \(\mathbb{R}^N\) is the geometry of the commutative limit of \({\mathcal A}_N\).