Exceptional integers for binary quadratic forms (Q5941882)

Let \(C\) be a class of primitive binary quadratic forms, and let \(R\) be the genus containing \(C\). A number is said to be exceptional for \(C\) if it is representable by a form in \(R\) but not by a form in \(C\). The author establishes an asymptotic distribution law for exceptional numbers which extends an earlier result of \textit{O. M. Fomenko} [Zap. Nauchn. Semin. POMI 226, 196-227 (1996; Zbl 0896.11016)]. Let \(N(X,C)\) denote the number of exceptional numbers not exceeding \(X\) for \(C\), and let the cyclic group \(H\) of classes of primitive binary forms of a given discriminant have odd order \(h\), and a generator \(C_0\). Let \(G=\langle C^{p_0}_0\rangle\) be the subgroup of \(H\), with \(p_0\) being the least prime divisor of \(h\). Then there are constants \(A_1\) and \(A_2\) such that, as \(X\to\infty\), \[ N(X,C)=A_1X(\log X)^{-1+1/(2p_0)}(\log\log X)^{p_0-2}(1+o(1)), \] if \(C\in G\) and \[ N(X,C)=A_2X(\log X)^{-1+1/(2p_0)}(\log\log X)^{p_0-3}(1+o(1)), \] if \(C\not\in G\).