On \(G\)-invariant norms (Q5943029)

Let \(V\) be a real Euclidean space, \(\emptyset \neq F\subset V\) be a closed convex cone, and \(G\) be a closed subgroup of the orthogonal group on~\(V\). The triple \((V,G,F)\) is an Eaton triple, if \(Gx\cap F\neq\emptyset\) for all \(x\in V\) and if \(\max_{g\in G}(x,gy)=(x,y)\) for all \(x,y\in F\). The main result is: Let \(\|\cdot\|\) be a \(G\)-invariant norm on~\(V\), where \((V,F,G)\) is an Eaton triple. Let \(C=\{F(A)=(GA\cap F) : \|A\|^D=\max _{\|X\|\leq 1}\leq 1\), \(A\in V\}\subset F\), a compact set. Then \(\|X\|=\max\{\|X\|_{\alpha} : \alpha \in C\}\) for all \(X\in V\), where \(\|X\|_{\alpha}=(\alpha,GX\cap F)\). This is a generalization of a result of \textit{R.~Horn} and \textit{R.~Mathias} [Linear Algebra Appl. 142, 63-82 (1990; Zbl 0714.15012)]. Criteria for \(\|\cdot\|_{\alpha}\) being a norm is given in terms of~\(\alpha\) and the longest element of the underlying finite reflection group. In particular, for the real simple Lie algebras, \(\|\cdot\|_{\alpha}\) is a norm on its Cartan subspace for a given nonzero~\(\alpha\) if and only if \(\omega_0\alpha=-\alpha\), where \(\omega_0\) is the longest element of the Weyl group. Some related results are obtained.