The development of a new matrix operator and its application to the study of nonlinear coupled wave equations (Q5944114)

Considered is the nonlinear coupled equation \({A_z\over dz}=i E_{30} GA_z\) of a four light wave mixing process in a dielectricum described by a third order dielectric susceptibility. In this equation \(A_z\) is a four vector with the complex wave amplitudes at \(z\) as components and \(G\) is a \(4 \times 4\) matrix of the refractive grating terms: \(g_t\) for the transmission, \(g_r\) for the reflection, \(g_p\) and \(g_s\) for the two-wave mixing process, involving terms bilinear in the wave amplitudes multiplied by the corresponding coupling constants \(\gamma_t,\gamma_r, \gamma_p,\gamma_s\). \(E_{30}\) is a \(4 \times 4\) Dirac matrix, whose general expression in terms of Pauli spin matrices \(\sigma_i\), \(i=1,2,3\) and \(\sigma_0=\mathbf{1}\) is given by \(E_{ij}= \sigma_i \otimes \sigma_j\). The four vector wave amplitudes \(A_z\) can be given in terms of a 4-dimensional unitary transformation \(U\) and the value \(A_0\) at the boundary \(z=0\) according to \(A_z=UA_0\). The solution of the nonlinear equation implies characteristic properties of \(U\). These properties are derived by making use of the Darbyshire-Hall operator \(\oslash\), which transforms a square \(n\)-dimensional matrix \(M\) into one with elements reflected across its trailing diagonal: \(M_{i,j}^\oslash =M_{n+1-j, n+1-i}\). For \(n=4\) this operator is expressible in terms of Dirac matrices: \(M^\oslash= E_{11}M^TE_{11}\), where the superscript \(T\) denotes transposition. For the solutions of the four wave mixing equation one finds that \(U\) is an element of \(SU(2,2)\cup SU(4)\).