Calderón's condition and wavelets (Q5944985)

In 1964, Alberto Calderón characterized continuous wavelets in terms of what we now call the Calderón condition, i.e., \(\int_{\mathbb R} |\widehat \psi (\xi)|^2 \frac{d\xi}{|\xi|} = 1\). In recent years the subject of characterizations of discrete wavelet systems \[ (\{ \psi_{j,k}^l (x) = |\det A|^{j/2} \psi^l (A^j x - k) : l=1, \ldots,\;L, j \in {\mathbb Z},\;k \in {\mathbb Z}^n \}) \] has attracted significant attention (e.g., the works of Guido Weiss and his collaborators). In particular, discrete ON wavelet bases can be characterized in terms of a discretized version of the Calderón condition: \(\sum_{l=1}^L \sum_{j\in {\mathbb Z}} |\widehat \psi^l ((A^T)^j \xi)|^2 = 1\) a.e. \(\xi \in {\mathbb R}^n\) and some additional equations. The need for additional characterizing conditions may be motivated by the fact that in the discrete case we have less dilations and translations, and so fewer functions will generate complete systems. In this paper the author shows that for orthonormal wavelets the discrete Calderón condition fully characterizes their completeness. This result is proved for n-dimensional wavelets, with expanding dilation matrices \(A\) which preserve the lattice of translations \({\mathbb Z}^n\). The method of the proof is based on the study of shift invariant spaces \(V\) and their tight frame generators \(\mathcal T\). They can be combined to define the spectral function associated with a shift invariant space \(V\), \(\sigma_V (\xi) = \sum_{\varphi \in {\mathcal T}} |\widehat \varphi (\xi)|^2\), which turns out to be a very useful tool in this theory.