Quantum coinvariant theory for the quantum special linear group and quantum Schubert varieties (Q5945119)

A classical problem in invariant theory is to find a precise description of the subring of the coordinate ring for the \(n\times r\) matrices \(k[M_{nr}]\), \(r<n\), consisting of all the invariant elements with respect to the natural right action of the special linear group \(\text{SL}_r(k)\), where \(k\) is an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(0\). In this paper the authors present a solution for the analogous problem in the quantum case. Here \(k[M_{nr}]\) is replaced by the quantum matrix bialgebra and \(\text{SL}_r(k)\) by the quantum special linear group. This leads to the formulation of the first and second fundamental theorem for the quantum special linear group. Similarly to what happens for the commutative case, the first theorem of quantum coinvariant theory states that the ring of quantum coinvariants coincides with the ring generated by certain quantum minors in the quantum matrix bialgebra. This is precisely the ring of the so-called quantum Grassmannian. Using the results in the first author's earlier paper they are able to give a presentation of the ring of quantum coinvariants in terms of generators and relations. This is the content of the second fundamental theorem of quantum coinvariant theory. Both the first and the second theorem of quantum coinvariant theory reduce to the corresponding classical results when the indeterminate \(q\) is specialized to \(1\). At the end they use the given presentation of the quantum Grassmannian to define quantum Schubert varieties and to show that they are quantum homogeneous spaces; that is, they admit a coaction by a suitable quantum group.