The Nikol'skii-Timan-Dzjadyk theorem for functions on compact sets of the real line (Q5945737)

The author generalizes the Nikol'skii-Timan-Dzjadyk theorem concerning the polynomial approximation of functions on the interval \([-1,1]\) to the case of the approximation of functions given on a compact set on the real line which can consist of an infinite number of intervals. Let \(C(E)\) be the set of all real-valued functions continuous on \(E\). Let \(C_\omega(E)\) consist of all \(f\in C(E)\) such that \[ |f(x_1)-f(x_2)|\leq c_1\omega(|x_1-x_2|)\quad (x_1,x_2\in E, c_1=c_1(f)>0) , \] where \(\omega\) is a function of modulus of continuity type. Let \(E\subset{\mathbb R}\) be a regular compact set, i.e., the Green function \(g_\Omega(z,\infty)\) of \(\Omega:=\overline{\mathbb C}\backslash E\) with pole at \(\infty\) extends continuously to \(E\), taking the value 0 there. \(E\in{\mathcal {E}}(\alpha,c)\), \(\alpha>0\), \(c>0\), if for any bounded component \(J\) of \({\mathbb R}\backslash E\) the inequality dist\((J,({\mathbb R}\backslash E)\backslash J)\geq c|J|^{1/(1+\alpha)}\) holds, where \(|J|\) is the length of \(J\). Let the set \(E\) consist of a finite number of disjoint compact sets, each of which belongs to the class \({\mathcal{E}}(\alpha,c)\) with some \(\alpha, c>0\). Suppose that \(f\in C(E)\) and that the function \(\omega\) of the modulus of continuity type satisfies the inequality \[ \delta\int_\delta^1\frac{\omega(t)}{t^2} dt\leq c_2\omega(\delta)\qquad (0<\delta<1) \] with some constant \(c_2>0\). Then the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(f\in C_\omega(E)\); (ii) for any \(n\in{\mathbb N}\) there exists a polynomial \(p_n\) with real coefficients of degree at most \(n\) such that \[ |f(x)-p_n(x)|\leq c_3\omega(\rho_{1/n}(x))\qquad (x\in E) , \] where the constant \(c_3>0\) does not depend on \(x\) and \(n\). The author shows that in general a result of such type is not true.