Free profinite locally idempotent and locally commutative semigroups (Q5946464)

A semigroup \(S\) is called locally idempotent and locally commutative if for every idempotent \(e\in S\), the monoid \(eSe\) is idempotent and commutative. The author studies the free profinite object \(\widehat F_A({\mathcal L}\mathbf{Sl})\) of the pseudovariety \({\mathcal L}\mathbf{Sl}\) of all finite locally idempotent and locally commutative semigroups. Using a semidirect decomposition of \({\mathcal L}\mathbf{Sl}\) and the construction of free profinite semigroups over semidirect products due to \textit{J.~Almeida} and \textit{P.~Weil} [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Mat. 1995, No. 1(392), 3-31 (1995; Zbl 0847.20055)], he gives two models of \(\widehat F_A({\mathcal L}\mathbf{Sl})\) in terms of infinite and bi-infinite words (Theorems~3.3 and~3.6). As applications, the author characterizes idempotents and regular elements of \(\widehat F_A({\mathcal L}\mathbf{Sl})\) (Proposition~4.1) and finds its Green relations (Proposition 5.1). It turns out that if \(|A|>1\), then the semigroup \(\widehat F_A({\mathcal L}\mathbf{Sl})\) contains uncountable anti-chains and uncountable ascending chains of \(\mathcal J\)-classes (Proposition~5.5 and Theorem~6.6). The proof of the latter result employs the theory of Sturmian words due to \textit{M.~Morse} and \textit{G.~A.~Hedlund} [Am. J. Math. 62, 1-42 (1940; Zbl 0022.34003)]. Finally, the author considers the subsemigroup of \(\widehat F_A({\mathcal L}\mathbf{Sl})\) consisting of \(\omega\)-words and solves the word problem in this subsemigroup (Theorem~7.1).