Notes on univalent functions with quasiconformal extensions (Q5946539)

Let \(\Delta\) denote the unit disk and let \(D\subset\overline\mathbb{C}\) be a domain conformly equivalent to \(\Delta\). The hyperbolic metric \(\lambda_D\) is defined by \(\lambda_D(\pi(z)) |\pi'' (z)|= (1-|z|^2)^{-1}\), where \(\pi\) is a conformal mapping of \(\Delta\) onto \(D\). For a function \(f\) analytic and locally univalent in \(D\), let \[ U_f(z,\zeta)] {f'(z)f'(\zeta) \over \bigl[f(z)- f(\zeta) \bigr]^2}- {1\over (z-\zeta)^2}, \quad z\neq\zeta, \] and let \(U_f(z,z)= {1\over 6}S_f(z)\), where \(S_f(z)\) is the Schwarzian derivative of \(f\). Let \(\|f\|_D= \sup_{z\in D}[\lambda_D(z)]^{-2} |f(z)|\), and let \[ \begin{multlined} d_D(U_f)= \sup_{z\in D}\bigl[\lambda_D (z)\bigr]^{-1} \left \{{1 \over\pi} \iint_D\bigl|U_f(z,\zeta) \bigr|^2 d\xi d \eta \right \}^{1/2}, \\ \zeta= \xi+i\eta,\;d_D(U_f,U_g) =d_D(U_f-U_g). \end{multlined} \] Let \(\sigma_I(D)= \sup\{a:\|S_f\|_D\leq a\Rightarrow f\) univalent in \(D\}\). It is known that \(\sigma_1 (\Delta)=2\) and that \(\sigma_I (D)>0\) if and only if \(\partial D\) is a quasicircle. Let \(\delta_0(D)= \sup\{d_D(U_f):f\) univalent in \(D\}\). \textit{I. V. Zhuravlev} [Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 243, No. 6, 1377-1380 (1978; Zbl 0435.30015)] showed that \(\delta_0(D)\leq 2\). In this paper, the following theorem is proved. Theorem 1. Let \(D\) be a domain with \(\sigma_I (D)>0\) and let \(\rho\in (0,1)\). Then for any univalent functions \(f\) and \(f\) in \(D\), \[ d_D (U_f,U_g) \leq{4+\max \biggl\{\delta_0 \bigl(f(D)\bigr), \delta_0 \bigl( g(D) \bigr)\biggr\} \over(1-\rho) \sigma_I(D)}\|S_f-S_g \|_D. \] This improves Theorem 2 in a paper of \textit{J. M. Anderson} and \textit{A. Hinkkanen} [J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 25, 253-260 (1982; Zbl 0489.30013)] for univalent functions \(f\) and \(g\). Also, for domains whose boundary \(\partial D\) are quasicircles, it is proved that \(\delta_0 (D)\leq 1+d_\Delta(U_n)\) and that if \(\partial D\) is a \(k\)-quasicircle, then \(d_\Delta (U_n)\leq {K^2-1\over K^2+1}\).