A remark on torsion Euler classes of circle bundles (Q5946902)

Let \(\xi= (E,\pi,M)\) be an orientable circle bundle over a closed orientable manifold \(M\) and \(e(\xi)\) the Euler class of \(\xi\). Let \(\text{Diff}^\infty_+ (S^1)\) be the group of all orientation preserving diffeomorphisms of the circle. The author considers a homomorphism \(\pi_1(M) \to \text{Diff}^\infty_+ (S^1)\) as an equivalent of a smoothly foliated orientable circle bundle over \(M\). He shows that any torsion class \(e\in H^2(M; \mathbb{Z}) \) of any closed manifold \(M\) is realized as the Euler class of a smoothly foliated orientable circle bundle over \(M\). The main result of this paper is the following Theorem: Suppose \(\xi=(E,\pi,M)\) is an orientable circle bundle over a closed manifold \(M\). The dimension of the base space \(M\) is arbitrary. If the Euler class \(e(\xi)\) is a torsion class in \(H^2(M;\mathbb{Z})\), then there exists a codimension-one \(C^\infty\) foliation on \(E\) which is transverse to the fibres. In fact, we can construct the transverse foliation whose total holonomy group is contained in SO(2). Finally, the author explicitly constructs the homomorphism \(\pi_1(M)\to \text{SO} (2)\subset \text{Diff}_+^\infty (S^1)\) whose Euler class is the given torsion class if \(M\) is a 3-manifold. This paper continues some results of the author. The method: Any homomorphism \(\varphi: \phi_1(M)\to \text{SO}(2)\) can be considered as a cohomology class of \(H^1(M;\text{SO}(2))\) be the universal coefficient theorem and the Euler class of \(\varphi\) is equal to \(-\beta (\varphi)\in H^2(M; \mathbb{Z})\), where \(\beta\) is the Bockstein cohomology homomorphism.