On interpolation series related to the Abel-Goncharov problem (Q5947106)

For a function \(f\) defined on \([0,1]\), let \[ \Delta_n f={n^n \over n!} \sum_{k=0}^n (-1)^{n-k}{n \choose k} f(k/n), \] and let \(p_n\) be a polynomial satisfying the conditions \[ \Delta_k p_n= \Delta_k f, \qquad k=0,1, \ldots, n. \] The paper establishes the existence of \(p_n\) for every \(f\) and provides a description of the basic polynomials \(c_k\) in the expansion \[ p_n(\cdot)= \sum_{k=0}^n c_k(\cdot) \Delta_k f. \] If \(f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n\), with \(a_n\) satisfying, for sufficiently large \(n\) and some constant \(A>0\), the inequality \(|a_n |\leq A^n/n!\), then \(f\) can be expanded into the series \[ f(x)= \sum_{n=0}^\infty c_n(x) \Delta_n f, \] converging uniformly on \([0,1]\).